Universal Basic Income is a periodic, unconditional cash transfer to every citizen in the country. Here, the social or economic position of an individual is not taken into consideration. The concept of universal basic income has three main features: UBI is universal in nature, i.e., not targeted. UBI is a cash transfer instead of an in-kind transfer. UBI is unconditional. That means one need not prove his or her unemployment status or socio-economic identity to be eligible for UBI. Pros : Alleviate poverty and help reduce inequality. Ensure economic security and dignity for all individuals. As human labor is being substituted by technology at a very fast pace, there will be reduced purchasing power. UBI will compensate for the reduced purchasing power. This will help us realize the true goal of economic liberty for every individual. Act as an insurance against unemployment. Help achieve economic equity. Employers will be forced to comply with good working conditions, as wage earners wi
One of the core values enshrined in the Indian Constitution, plays a pivotal role in fostering unity and equality in society.
India's fraternity has its own journey within India's sociology, and the current nature of India's fraternity is different from the political fraternity espoused in its Constitution.
1935: It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress
1936: During the Lucknow session - it was officially adopted by the then president Jawaharlal Nehru.
1946-47: The framers of the Indian Constitution recognized the importance of fraternity along with unity and integrity of the in a society marred by hierarchical social inequalities.
Dr Ambedkar stressed the inseparability of liberty, equality, and fraternity, considering them as fundamental tenets of Indian democracy. Accn to him, “Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians — of Indians being one people. It is the principle which gives unity and solidarity to social life”.
2002: One more fundamental duty was added in the constitution to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India.
Limits and Challenges to Fraternity in India:
Social and Cultural differences:
- Religious or caste-based differences often result in mistrust, discrimination, and even violence, eroding the spirit of brotherhood.
- Religious minorities have faced social and political opprobrium countless times in this country since its inception. Incidents of such religious intolerance or conflicts can disrupt social cohesion and unity, making it difficult to foster fraternity.
- India's diverse cultures and traditions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts among diff communities, therefore religious minorities
Economic Disparities:
- The significant economic gap between diff sections of society can breed resentment and feelings of discrimination. Such economic unevenness goes on dividing the society of haves and have nots, where the later fosters enmity towards the former.
Political Differences:
- Political ideologies can create deep divisions in society, impeding coopn and dialogue.
- Such differences often lead to polarization, fostering an atmosphere of hostility and intolerance that obstructs constructive engagement.
Lack of Trust:
- A lack of mutual trust and understanding among groups can undermine fraternity.
- When trust is lacking, working together toward common goals becomes challenging.
Failure of Constitutional Morality:
- Constitutional morality, based on Indian constitutional values - vital for maintaining fraternity.
- Its failure can lead to a loss of confidence in institutions and the rule of law, creating instability and undermining brotherhood.
Inadequate Moral Order:
- A functioning moral order in society, including adherence to ethical values and social responsibility, is crucial for democracy's success. Failure in this area can result in the erosion of brotherhood, with unethical actions eroding trust among citizens.
Educational Disparities:
- Disparities in access to quality education can perpetuate social inequalities and hinder fraternity. Educational inequities often result in unequal opportunities, reinforcing divisions among communities.
Regional Disparities:
- India's vast geographical and regional diversity can lead to disparities in economic development and infra.
- These regional inequalities may create a sense of marginalization among certain communities, challenging efforts to promote brotherhood.
Language and Cultural Barriers:
- India's multitude of languages and dialects can sometimes create communication barriers.
- Language and cultural differences can hinder effective dialogue and cooperation, affecting the spirit of fraternity.
Way Forward:
- Implement policies and programs that address economic disparities, ensuring equitable access to opportunities and resources for all citizens.
- Initiatives to promote social and cultural harmony among diverse communities to overcome their differences.
- Civic education should instill values of fraternity, equality and social justice from a young age.
- Encouraging respect for religious and cultural diversity is vital.
- Encourage ethical leadership at all levels of society to set an example of moral conduct and responsible citizenship.
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